Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder and different teaching methods in Research Proposal

Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder and different teaching methods in the classroom - Research Proposal ExampleIt is said great scientists newton and Einstein too had Autism in some form or other. Only it has been recognized of late and meriting the attention of the amicable scientists to ease the ASD affected item-by-items out of the supposed disorder so that they can scale newer heights.Autism is a developmental problem found early in childhood that results in verbal, non-verbal communication or social interaction disability. Usually this disability becomes evident before the age of three and has a bearing upon educational performance when the child grows older.Autism is also known as autism spectrum disorder, pervasive development disorder (PDD), PDD- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), atypical autism, and Aspergers Syndrome. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) goring early in life bequeath last for the rest of geniuss life. It is not a single disorder but a syndrome of collect ion of characteristics in growing children. Though ASD is found in both males and females, the relative incidence is more in males. It is severe and pervasive when it affects almost all the faculties of the individual even though he may be very intelligent or high functioning. ASD also occurs when the individual has cognitive impairment also known as mental retardation or mental impairment. ASD can also occur due to neurobiological reasons affecting the physical brain or chemistry of the brain. When the individual is not able to communicate by using speech or language or when his speech is delayed or quality of communication or verbal skills are affected, he is deemed to have ASD. In some cases, the individual cannot display unspoken language such as gestures, facial expressions. ASD also makes the individual unable to understand what others say and respond to them or their non-verbal movements. The individual willing have difficulty maintaining friendship and social contact regar dless of age even though he may want to keep the relationships. He will be sensitive to touch,

Who came to the front Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who came to the front - Research Paper ExampleAnd Craig strongly criticized the world of men in excluding the important role played by women during war time. Perhaps, this leads Bonney to go forth alone since women are perceived as weak and fragile to face the war. As a consequence, Bonney, Luce, and Craig fought the battle in two fronts war and men.On the other side of the scale, the three women greatly differ in their approach of combating the struggle in finding the truth. For example, Bonney employed her camera to capture the images of war. Although Luce and Craig utilized compose and paper, still, they both differ in their specialty in or perception about writing. Luce sees the war-correspondent writing style merely as a time cancelled in contrast to her playwright vocation. Craig, however, views the correspondent type of writing as a vocation in itself. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that Luce attempted to convince her fellow literary writers to avoid isolationism. Furthermo re, the three women largely differ in their location as they struggle to get the truth. Europe is for Luce and Washington is for Craig as their participatory place of war. And Bonneys target location is the countryside full of danger and conflict. Nevertheless, these three brave women did what they could to expose the evils of war and

Connex Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Connex Market Research - Essay Exampleen the system was established, it was set up under assumptions and predictions made for stricter working hours and it is for the same reason that extinguish trains were rarely run.However, express services had to be introduced as time passed and the 1970s cut a major revamping of the Melbourne Train System. These changes were welcomed by commuters and the 1980s and 1990s saw an increasing account of people choosing to take the train rather than to drive to their destinations (Morphet, 2008). However, the system was not designed to meet an exponential increase in passenger demand and had to be stretched in its functioning in order to cope with the same. Issues began to develop in scenarios where train paths crossed each other and express trains had to consider tracks as well as junctions, causing delays to take place. Considering the nature of the train system, it is evident that a single delayed train can cause a chain reaction of delays for other trains as well.Once a delay occurs or a train is taken off operation, it causes an increase in the number of passengers trying to board an individual train, causing an increase in the time required for passengers to get on and off the trains. This time is also often referred to as Dual Time (Middeldorp & Klop, 2005). The increase in dual time causes trains to take longer at each station, causing even more increased delays. It is and so clear that the implications in the case of a single delay in the train transport system are very similar to a domino Effect.Needless to say, there is a strong need for safety to remain uncompromising at all times but it is imperative to note that unless a balance between safety and efficiency is maintained, the train begins to lose its utility as a commuting mean.On January 28, rail commuters in Melbourne found themselves approach what came to them as nothing less than an odyssey when they discovered that nearly 200 trains had been cancelled , bringing a halt to services on three lines.

Adapting to terrestrial living Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adapting to terrestrial living - Essay ExampleAdaptations to tackle this problem include animal bid skeletons and specialized whole kit and caboodle cells and tissues which support the plant. A transition from aquatic to terrestrial life also meant a competitive struggle for sunlight as a result plants had to be tall, which also necessitated strong stems and an extensive root system to anchor the plants firmly in the ground while they grew upwards towards the sunlight (www.countrysideinfo.co.uk) and this is wrick led to the development of trees.Another requirement for air based living as opposed to aquatic life is the need to conserve water, because a plant may face constraints in obtaining an adequate supply of water from the soil. As a result, they have developed a cuticle or protective stratum on the come along of leaves to prevent excessive loss of water by transpiration (www.countrysideinfo.co.uk). At the same time however, plants must also be able to nurse carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to carry on the process of photosynthesis and give out carbon dioxide. This objective had to be achieved without sacrificing the modes for preservation of water through the use of the cuticle.The adaptations make in plants to specifically cater to this requirement are stomata on the underside of the leaf, which allow the exchange of gases to take place without excessive loss of water from the surface of the leaf. For example, in drought prone areas, plant leaves are reduced to spines, so that the leaf surface from which loss of water can take place is well reduced. Plant species growing in drought ridden areas may demonstrate high levels of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and photosynthesis during terminuss when water is available, but enter into periods of dormancy and lose their leaves during a period of intense heat (Lambers et al, 2008)Plants have evolved from simple unicellular organisms into complex multi cellular ones. A unicellular organism

Comedy of Errors Essay Example for Free

Comedy of Errors EssayThe Comedy of Errors Plato states that The measure of a man is what he does with his power. But is this true? Or does it depend on a persons money and possessions? Perhaps it is the family they were born into, or til now their gender. And how can reputation affect your class stand? In The Comedy of Errors William Shakespeare explores the interplay of these various possibilities that can determine a persons class. Shakespeare shows us that a persons family can determine their social status. As well as affect how they are treated.Taking for example the twin Dromios, they came from an extremely poor family. A mean cleaning lady was delivered / Of such a burden, male twins, two alike. (?.?. 54) Because their mother was so poor they were adopted by Egeon, however as opposed to becoming his children they became servants for his biological children (also twins) with each twin receiving his take minion. Throughout the Dromios lives they remained servants, ev en when they were split apart they stayed with their master. Being servants for different masters meant that they were treated differently.Dromio of Ephesus was beaten and kept uneducated I have some marks of yours upon my pate, / Some of my cyprian marks upon my shoulders, ( I.?. 83) While Dromio of Syracuse was given an education and treated like a brother as opposed to a servant, Antipholus of Syracuse demonstrates A honest villain, sir, that very oft, When I am dull with care and melancholy, Lightens my humor with is merry jests. (I. II. 19) If they had had wealthy parents with much more power then they would never have plow servants and would most likely have servants of their own.Another and perhaps more common way to define a persons social status is by their wealth, that is their money and possesions. Even though in our modern society wealth has little to do with your social status, in William Shakespeares time the more money you had the more power you had. For example Ad riana and her husband Antipholus of Ephesus, clearly their money and possessions greatly benefited them in life. All this wealth leads them to have a very good reputation. moreover if their reputation gets tarnished they will lose their money and in consequence their power If by strong hand you offer to break in now in the stirring passage of the day, A vulgar comment will be made of it And that supposed by the common rout Against your yet ungalled estimation. (III. I. 47) Looking at this quote it is clear that if Antipholus goes through with his threat, his reputation will be tarnished. Therefore he decides against it. You have prevailed. I will depart in quiet / And, in despite of mirth, mean to be merry. (III. I. 156) An additional example is Solinus the duke of Ephesus. When he is ready to execute Egeon he uses the power he has to grant him one day of freedom. Duke Now trust me, were it not against our laws, Against my crown, my oath, my dignity, My soul should sue as advocate for thee. But thou art adjudged to the death, Yet will I favor thee in what I can. therefore, merchant, Ill limit thee this day. By giving Egeon a day of freedom the duke boosts his reputation in Ephesus as a sympathetic and selfless leader.All the composition knowing that there is no way Egeon will accomplish his goal. The third and perhaps most prominent way of defining a persons social standing is their gender. A factor that is still entrenched in our modern society. In The Comedy of Errors there are many obligations women have to require that men do not. For example as Egeon is telling the duke his tragic story he mentions that although his wife was not in love with him and did not want to join him, they clearly ended up married. In Syracusa was I born and wed / Unto a woman happy but for me. (I. I. 37) This quote demonstrates that as a woman one of her obligations was to get married, even if it was to someone she did not love. This also makes evident the fact women were not free to make their own decisions. Furthermore women were often considered lesser beings than men, they were not allowed as much freedom as their spouse was. Good sister, let us dine and never fret. / A man is master of his own liberty. (II. I. 6) This quote highlights that fact that men were free to come and go as they pleased whereas women were not.

The Cold War between 1945 and 1991 Essay Example for Free

The Cold state of war amid 1945 and 1991 EssayShow how and why the different historiographies relating to the start of the Cold fight have changed between 1945 and 1991Throughout 1945 to 1991 different snugglees and schools of thought had been adopted in pinpointing who was responsible for kickoff the Cold War. Ranging from the Jewish-Orthodox school of thought, which identifies Stalin and the USSR as the main perpetrator in starting the Cold War, to the Revisionist viewpoint which blames Truman and the USA for doing so. The Post Revisionist school believes twain the USSR and the USA are to blame. This comes full circle resulting with the Post Post Revisionist school which links corroborate to the belief that the USSR are to blame.These historiographies feature primarily in certain time periods and express the views of certain peoples. The changes sparked in these viewpoints are often due to the declassification of certain study as well as social changes.The Traditional ist School, prevalent form +/- 1945 to 1960 consisting mainly of Western historians believed that the Stalin and the USSR were fully to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. This school in conclusion held the belief that Stalin had a master plan and that his foreign indemnity was expansionist with the aims of spreading a world revolution. The orthodox school mat Stalins constituent as a leader in the outbreak of the Cold War was exceedingly apparent due to his Marxist beliefs and therefore anti-capitalist, expansionist way of rule. Stalins ulterior motives could be perceived as evident at an early stage with his refusal to withdraw his troops from Germany.Further more than, his expansionist ways were clearly displayed through his invariant need to take hold of territory and establish communist governments within them for the sake of Russian safety. The traditionalists doubted the validity of this argument and believed it simply to be an excuse, as the proximity of countries Russia tried to attain were beyond that of buffer states, such as Russias invasion of Czechoslovakia in addition to this, the same excuse of safety had been use shortly in the past by Hitler. Russia had too set up policies and organisations to aid and support communism such as the World Wide Workers Revolution, the Cominform and Comercon, which would root on growth, strength and ultimately a breeding ground for communism.The broken promises of Potsdam and Yalta further paid tri thate to the USSRs usage in promoting and developing the Cold War as these broken promises were seen as for expansionist purposes and caused irked the American people. As the USSR did non keep to their promise of holding free elections, they thereby yet again make sure their neighbour states were friendly communist states, the USSR too breached Potsdam by setting up Russian-controlled coalition parties and manipulating Germany into thinking Russia was working in her favour. This can be viewed by the USA a s another means to promote the spread of communism and increase the power of the USSRThis historiography came in to being as the only source of instruction available came from the West and therefore held extreme bias against the Soviets, the existing secrecy and suspicion rendered inter symboliseion with communist states impossible.The Revisionist School, prevalent from+/- 1960-1970 comprised of mainly the Eastern bloc but too consisted of many Western historians. However, this school believed that the USA accompanied by Truman held business for the start of the Cold War. They held the belief that the main contributor to the conflict was the American president Harry S. Truman. Trumans inexperience with the sort of conflict that arose in Germany and his hard line approach often resulted in America making decisions of an super aggressive nature, fuelling the Cold War and rivalry between the USA and the USSR.The decisions made by the USA were bound to be reacted to badly by the USSR as they were extremely provocative and of a threatening nature. For example, Trumans decision to stop lend lease in 1945 was perceived by Stalin and the USSR as an extremely unfriendly act and marked a definite change in the relationship between the USA and the USSR. The hard-line actions adopted by the USA and encouraged by the Keenan grand Telegram contributed to the Cold War as they acted as a declaration stating that the USSR and the USA could not work together or even coincide peacefully, this approach too offered more reason for an opposing Soviet reaction.A main factor stemming from Trumans hatred of communism that contributed greatly to the Cold War was his policy of containment. Trumans outward opposition of communism and his idea of containing and eliminating communism were therefore extremely threatening to the communists and would of course inspire a reaction amongst the USSR of a en garde nature. The proposal of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan whilst promoting Dollar Imperialism would therefore increase the rivalry between the USA and the USSR as it marked their complete opposition to communism, to the extent whereby they would take action to actively defeat it.The Revisionists too highlight that Stalin did have a legitimate need for safety after being devastated by the Germans not long before and did have reason to annex Poland as it was a traditional invasion route, and could be used to safeguard Russia from attack.The change of analysis from Orthodox to Revisionist was a direct result of the social reform present during that timeframe, with more shocking information emerging about the Vietnam War the American people felt betrayed by their country as they were personally able to view the massacre taking place, this sparked a surge of human right movements and hippiedom etc. Accompanied by this social change, pre-existing information started to be interpreted in a new light.However the ideals of The Post Revisionist School, prevalent fr om approximately 1962 to 1973, made up of mainly Western historians has to be taken into account as they held the belief that both the USA as well as the USSR were to blame for outbreak of the Cold War as it was clearly not mono causal. One cannot analyse the actions of each superpower individually and lay blame on one certain caller due the complexity of the matter.It has to be considered that rivalry is the result of devil parties in this case, both the USA and the USSR committing actions deemed by the other as threatening or in opposition to their own policy such as Stalins need for security interpreted as expansionist. The blame has to be placed on both the USA and the USSR as there was mutual mistrust between them this mistrust did not arise specifically due to one event with one party being in the wrong but was cultivated for many years between each party and exacerbated by their opposing ideologies and added fuel to by both their opposing participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis and in Afghanistan.Therefore the vacuum left by Germany was bound to inspire conflict, as with any two major superpowers the problem of power and power struggles were bound to be introduced.The misunderstanding of motives, stemming from the mistrust of each party too played a main role in the development of the Cold War as actions often of defensive purposes were seen as in favour of their own regime and threatening to the other. The joint responsibility is supported by the fact that both the German Federal Republic and the German Democratic Republic mutually refused to acknowledge the other as a proper government.This change in interpretation comes about as a result of Stalins death, the period of dtente and the reinterpretation of old information as more archives are opened and information is declassified.

Simultaneous Equilibria in the Benzoic Acid

Simultaneous Equilibria in the Benzoic AcidJekathjenani RatnakumaranSimultaneous Equilibria in the Benzoic Acid Toulene -Water SystemIntroductionBenzoic demigod is an aromatic carboxyl groupic venereal infection with molecular formula, C7H6O2. It appe bed as colorless crystalline solid and has a fade, pleasant odor. Benzoic acid is easily available in nature and are used as a precursor to plasticizers, and sodium benzoate. Also, it inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as yeast, mold and bacteria. It also, used as an ointment to brood the fungal diseases such as ringworm and athletes foot. This benzoic acid can be prepared from the bromobenzene, benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride.The purpose of this essay is to furbish up the distribution coefficient () and dimerization constant of the benzoic acid in equilibrium of toluene and body of water. The distribution coefficient can be determined by using the distributive integrity which is given by the Nernst in 1891. This law states that distribution of the solute either solid or liquid between two non miscible solvents1. When the solute distributes in the two non miscible solvent at constant temperature, the solute remains in both solvent at the same molecular conditions and then, the concentration of solute in those two non miscible solvents allow for be equal to the distribution constant, K. In this try out, the two non miscible solvents are water and toluene. There are three equilibrium states occur in the arranging used in this experiment such as distribution equilibrium, aqueous phase equilibrium and toluene phase equilibrium. These three equilibria contain benzoic acid (HBz), water (W) and Toluene (T). The distribution occurs as monomer in water and hence, there is monmer-dimer equilibrium occurs in the water and toluene phase2. From the distribution equilibrium, the distribution coefficient, can be calculated by,HBz (w)HBz (T)From the aqueous equilibrium phase, the aqueous dissociation const ant, Ka is calculated as follows,HBz (w)H+ + Bz From the toluene equilibrium phase, the aqueous dimerization constant, K2 is calculated as follows,2HBz (T)(HBz)2The total concentration of benzoic acid in Toluene (CT) and total concentration of benzoic acid in water (Cw) can determine using the formula 1 and 3, they are as follows,Cw= HBzw + H+CT= HBzT + 2(HBz)2By plotting the graph using above formula, the total concentrations present in both water and toluene can be determined.MethodsThis experiment was conducted by following the procedure given in the laboratory manual by the department of chemistry, Trent University.Related questions AnswersThe structure of a dimer of benzoic acid is shown below, O H- O C C O- H OAs benzoic acid has phenyl group and it is non charged but water is a polar solvent. Therefore, the carboxyl group in benzoic acid will be harder to form hydrogen bonding with water and decrease the interactions between the benzoic acid molecules. accordingly it does not form a dimer with water. In the case of hexane, the hexane is non polar solvent and therefore, the benzoic acid forms dimer with hexane. In the case of methanol, as it has hydrogen bonding, it is considered as polar solvent. When it reacts with benzoic acid, it does not form a dimer of benzoic acid. Furthermore, in the case of propanone, benzoic acid does not form dimer because propanone is a polar solvent.As the titrant solution is base solution, the indicator required to give end point is phenolphthalein. The indicator used in the titration is based on the pH respects of the solutions used. In this case, as solution contains benzoic acid and its titrated against NaOH, therefore, the to bring the end point, the phenolphthalein which has pH approximately 9 is used. If the titrant is base solution, then the methyl orange, which has pH 3.5 is used to grade the end point.Results card 1 represents the volume of the benzoic acid, toluene and water added in the five solutions in different fractions of the volumes.SolutionsVolume of benzoic acid in toluene Solution (ml)Volume of water added (ml)Volume of toluene required to bring total volume to 100 ml (ml)150500240501032550254155035555045Mass of the benzoic acid used = 5.000 gVolume of the NaOH used= 10 mlCalculated concentration of the NaOH = 0.018 MTable 2 represents the titrated volume of the solutions against NaOH and HCl and calculated concentrations of benzoic acid in the Toluene and Water.Solution NumberVNaOH (w)(ml)VNaOH(T) (mL)VHCl (T) (mL)CW x 10-3 (M)CT x 10-2(M)Cw (1-)CT/Cw (1-)15.835.70.34.352.700.11410.003857.013025.428.90.44.052.200.11810.003576.162534.916.40.83.671.300.12360.003225.345043.010.71.62.250.920.15450.001904.842152.25.75.01.650.800.17730.001365.8823Figure 1 represents the plot of Cw (1-) versus CT/Cw (1-).Data Analysis CalculationsVolume of HBz in water, V1= 0.02 LVolume of NaOH, V2= 0.0058 L denseness of NaOH, C2= 0.015 MConcentration of HBz, Cw= (0.0058 x 0.015) / 0.02 M= 4. 35 x 10-3 MVolume of HBz in water, V1= 0.02 LVolume of NaOH + HCl, V2= 0.036 LConcentration of NaOH, C2= 0.015 MConcentration of HBz, CT= (0.036 x 0.015) / 0.02 M= 2.70 x 10-2 MBy using the below formula, the value of was calculated,The value of Ka for benzoic acid is 6.46 x 10-50.00435 2 + 6.46 x 10-5 6.46 x 10-5Using the quadratic formula, the value of is, = 0.1141Calculation of Cw (1-) for solution 1,Cw (1-)= 0.00435 (1- 0.1141)= 0.00385Calculation of CT/Cw (1-) for solution 1,CT/Cw (1-)= (0.0270) / (0.00385)= 7.013From the figure 1, the value of K2 and are as follows,Y = -0.1344 x + 5.8939 (intercept) = 0.134422K2= 5.8939K2= (5.8939 ) / (0.03613)= 163.13 MDiscussionThe experiment was conducted with careful consideration to get the result as close as to the real value. However, due to the some observational faulting involved in this experiment, the calculated values are not close to the literature value. The calculated K2 value is 163.13 L/mol and the alpha value is 0.1344 . The literature values are 260 L/mol and 1.49 respectively. Figure 1 represents the plot of Cw (1-) versus CT/Cw (1-). Based on the graph shown on figure 1, the head is falling and then raising. When the amount of benzoic acid decreases, the amount of concentration of toluene increases. On the contrary, the value of concentration of benzoic acid (HBz) in water is higher than the concentration of HBz in toluene. In comparison with the literature value, the calculated value has deviated from it. However, the calculated percentage error is 37 %. This is considered as large struggle when compared to literature values. These differences between the calculated and literature value occurred due to the experimental error. Equipments used in this experiment were used by the previous batch. As the experiment was conducted using the pre used equipments, there might be an error in the contamination. The solution that has make in this experiment has to be mixed well. This will depart a more accurate result. Failure to do this step might have resulted in the failure of result. Also, the burette reading and end point relation are considered one of the errors which lead to inaccurate result. Due to these occurrences, the experiment does not turn successful and have heavily affected the final results. Moreover, the adjustment do in the water bath and less time of keeping the solution in the water bath also might be lead to the error in the final result. Because temperature is ne of the factor affects the dissociation of particles. Furthermore, due to the weather condition (winter), temperature and pressure changes and might not favored to conduct the experiment.ConclusionIn conclusion, the simultaneous equilibria of benzoic acid presence in the water and toluene solvent was studied by conducting this experiment. In order to get accuracy of result, the clearcutness can be improved by more attention on the experimental procedure and handling the equipments. Also, accurate result can be made by observing the measurements such as notifying the burette reading and end point in a proper manner.ReferencesChemistry Made Simple nigh Nernst Distribution Lawn Metallurgy, (2009)Ellison H.R. Simultaneous equilibria in the benzoic acid-benzene-water system, A distribution experiment 48 (2) 124 (1971). DOI 10.1021/ed048p124P.Atkins and J. de Paula, Atkins Physical Chemistry, 8th ed., W. H.Freeman and Co., New York (2006).Department of Chemistry, Laboratory Manual, look into G1- Heat Capacity Ratio for Gases, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario(2014)